DRUG TOXICOLOGY


Drug toxicology is about the harmful effects of drugs in the animal and human body. Drug-receptor interactions are fundamental to understanding the beneficial properties of a drug, so too are these interactions crucial in understanding the adverse effects of a drug.


Drugs are xenobiotic that can be recognized by the immune system as foreign substances. Most small molecule drugs with a mass of less than 600 Daltons are not direct immunogens, but act as haptens, where the drug binds (often covalently) to a protein in the body and is then capable of triggering an immune response. If a drug is sufficiently large (e.g., a therapeutic peptide or protein), it may directly activate the immune system. The two principal immune mechanisms by which drugs can produce damage are hypersensitivity responses (allergic responses) and autoimmune reactions.

Whether a drug will do more harm than good in an individual patient depends on many factors, including the patient’s age, genetic makeup and pre-existing conditions, the dose of the drug administered, and other drugs the patient may be taking.


Toxicities that derive from inappropriate activation or inhibition of the intended drug target (on-target adverse effects) or unintended targets (off-target adverse effects).On-target adverse effects, which are the result of the drug binding to its intended receptor, but at an inappropriate concentration, with suboptimal kinetics, or in the incorrect tissue. Off target adverse effects, which are caused by the drug binding to a target or receptor for which it was not intended.

To know more Drug Toxicity kindly visit World Pharmacology 2018. Here Drug toxicity related to genetic, molecular and pharma-toxicity related sessions are covered

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